Episcopi Vagantes (Wandering Bishop) is a bishop who has not received any authority or has been recognized by any of the major Christian churches. They have been excommunicated and have created their own independent churches. Often they have teachings involving spiritualism, esotericism, gnosticism or various forms of occultism. Several wandering bishops at the end of the 19th century and during the 20th century had contact with societies such as the Freemasons, the Golden Dawn, the Ordo Templi Orientis, the Theosophical Society and various Gnostic churches such as the Gnostic Catholic Church and various rites such as the Rite of Memphis and Misraim.

Arnold Harris Mathew (1852-1919) was a bishop who was part of the Old Catholic Church that separated from the First Vatican council of 1869–70 and he founded the Old Roman Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and James Ingall Wedgwood (1883-1951) was a bishop who founded The Liberal Catholic Church with its connection to the Theosophical Society.

John Sebastian Marlowe Ward (1885-1949) was a Freemason and spiritualist and also a bishop in his own Confraternity of the Kingdom of Christ. Ward was also part of the Old Catholic Movement where bishops and priests were often self-appointed and led small congregations. In 1935 Ward was consecrated by Ebenezer Johnson Anderson and the same year also by John Churchill Sibley in The Orthodox Catholic Church in England and later in 1945 he was consecrated by Hugh George de Willmott Newman.

Hugh George de Willmott Newman (1905-1979) also called Mar Georgius was an independent Old Catholic bishop and a leader of the Catholicate of the West between the years 1944 and 1979. Willmott’s first consecration was made by Dr William Bernard Crow. Willmott was also before his death Grand Master of the Order of St Thomas Acon which was founded in 1974 by John E. N. Walker who was Secretary General of the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia. He is said to have also been in the Order of Corporate Reunion and to be a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Dr William Bernard Crow (1895-1976) was a teacher of biology and was an associate and member of several societies such as the Linnean Society, the Zoological Society of London and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and he founded the spiritual ‘Institute for Cosmic Studies’ together with Edward John Langford Garstin (1893-1955) in 1934. Edward was a member of the Rosicrucian Order of the Alpha and Omega and published “Theurgy, or the Hermetic Practice: A Treatise on Spiritual Alchemy” and “The Secret Fire: An Alchemical Study” (1932). Crow who was a Theosophist and occultist did writings for The Occult Review which was published between 1905 and 1951 (where several occultists such as Aleister Crowley, Arthur Edward Waite, Franz Hartmann, etc were contributing writers) and he wrote the book ‘A History of Magic, Witchcraft and Occultism’.

Crow was also a priest and joined the Liberal Catholic Church in 1935 and later started his own Order of the Holy Wisdom (Ekklesia Agiae Sophiae) in 1939 with a charter from the Orthodox Celtic Church and he was also consecrated in 1943 by Herbert James Monzani Heard (Mar Jacobus II) (1866-1947) who was a bishop within the Catholicate of the West and Crow was given the title Bishop Mar Basilius Abdullah III. H. J. M. Heard was also a bishop within the French L’Eglise Gnostique Universelle and associated with the rite Ancient Universal Pansosphic Masonic Rite where we can also find names such as H. S. H. Duc de Palatine (1916-1977), John Yarker (1833-1913) and Hugh George de Willmott Newman (1905-1979).

The Order of the Holy Wisdom contained esoteric teachings originating in Freemasonry and also a Templar line down to Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (1773-1838) who founded the Gnostic church ‘The Johannite Church of Primitive Christians’ in 1804. Crow was also involved in Aleister Crowley’s church Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (which was a branch within the Ordo Templi Orientis) and also the Rite of Memphis and Misraim.

Charles Dennis Boltwood (1889-1985) was a Spiritualist with an interest in Theosophy and during the 30’s and 40’s under the name “Crusader” he practiced trance mediumship where he channeled for the group The Universal Group of Intuitives (Essex spiritualist society). He founded the College of Spiritual Science in 1942 where he trained spiritual healers and he later became a priest in the Catholicate of the West in 1946 led by Hugh George de Willmott Newman (Mar Georgius) and also a priest in The Free Protestant Episcopal Church during 50’s where he later became the 7th Primus.

“The Universal Group of Intuitives was inaugurated at Grosvenor Hall, Ilford, on November 23rd, 1935. It came into being through the mission work which was founded by Charles Kingsley and opened in the home of Mr. and Mrs. C. D. Boltwood, at 6 Milverton Gardens, Seven Kings. This was begun on November 20th, 1932.
Angela’s Healing Sanctuary has been a definite part of the work. Dagua, the Persian spiritual physician, has been the controlling spirit through Mr. Boltwood. In January, 1935, Mr. Boltwood was called to give up his commercial life and devote his life to the work required by the spirit guides. With no resources, both Mr. and Mrs. Boltwood trusted the guidance received with full confidence, and never once have the guides failed to open the channels for supply. Many can testify to the healing work done.
The Kingsley Mission was the training ground for the greater work which has now been manifested, and those who have been loyal, now see the result of what must have been a great test of faith. Since the inauguration of the Universal Group of Intuitives, Charles Kingsley, through the trance mediumship of Mr. Boltwood, has brought each week lessons which unfold the spirit-interpretation of the Bible. These lessons have been published monthly in the Group publication, Intuition.”
(Light: A Journal of Spiritualism, Psychical, Occult and Mystical Research, Sep. 10, 1936)

Boltwood was recognized in the ‘Order of the Crown of Thorns’ under Prince-Abbot Edmond I (Francis John Edmond Barwell-Walker, 1881-1963) and also had his own Order at St Andrew’s Collegiate Church in 1952 called the ‘Order of Ursus ‘ where we can read that he was “preparing against the possibility of Atomic War and also against other world calamities” (san-luigi.org).

The Order of the Crown of Thorns had its beginnings in the Abbey-Principality of San Luigi founded in Africa (Libya) by a group of Benedictine monks from France and Spain and be awards or decorations linked to Joseph René Vilatte (1854-1929). It is a Christian Order based on the noble spiritual virtues of the Knights Templar. From the Abbey-Principality of San Luigi also comes the Order of the Lion and Black Cross.

Another member of the Order of the Crown of Thorns was Jean-Baptiste (Joanny) Bricaud (1881-1934) who was a bishop of the Universal Gnostic Church in France and a leader of the Martinist Order and also of the Johannite Church of Primitive Christians founded by Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (1773-1838).

The Ancient Orthodox Catholic Church and Order of Holy Wisdom led by William Bernard Crow had a connection to the Scandinavian countries through John Trollnas and whose own church was called the ‘Primitive Apostolic Orthodox Church of the Syro-Byzantine Tradition’. He was also consecrated by Charles Dennis Boltwood in 1961 within an independent confederation of churches in The Episcopal Free Communion.

“The Order itself grew through the appointment of chaplains to the Ancient Orthodox Catholic Church and honorary bishops, generally based overseas. John Trollnas, Exarch of Scandinavia of the the Primitive Apostolic Orthodox Church of the Syro-Byzantine Tradition, was appointed an honorary prelate of the Ancient Orthodox Catholic Church in 1968. He was granted a charter by Dr Crow for the Northern Pontifical Academy, a degree granting organization, in the same year. Within England, there were four oratories attached to the Order in operation by 1969, although the provision of public worship was never a key aim of the Order.” (The Abbey-Principality of San Luigi and the Catholicate of the West, homepage)

The Northern Pontifical Academy charter that came from William Bernard Crow to Trollnas was then taken over by Alexander Markus.

“Dr Sandor Marcus, henchforth spiritually called the Apostle Beloved in Christ, Marc John, is appointed Patriarch Archbishop of the Gnostic First Christians of Antioch Syrian Orthodox Church, for Denmark, all the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic States, with all rights and privileges pertaining thereunto.”

“Dr Sandor Marcus is also appointed president of the Northern Pontifical Academy, with the authority to reestablish this institution of higher learning. This obeys the Apostolic Succession recieved from Dr John Trollnas, the late Archbishop of the Gnostic Christian Church for Denmark, all the Scandinavian contries and the Baltic States, and President of the Northern Pontifical Academy, who ordained Dr J Lovewisdom as Patriarch Archbishop of Ecuador of all Americas on November 30th 1968, who know directs Paradisian Pontifical Seminary of International University. With the passing of the beloved Archbishop John Trollnas, we are thus appointing Dr Sandor Marcus the new Archbishop and President respectively, investing in his rights and privileges as the Representative, or Chancellor in Sweden of our International University, with permission to translate our teachings, courses and books into Swedish and Hungarian languages .” Signed by Lovewisdom and James Joseph Rivera, 1976, (My Incarnations ans Teachings, Dr Sandor Markus, p46)

In the book ‘Healing God Spell of Saint John’ written by Johnny Lovewisdom we can find: “THE NORTHERN PONTIFICAL ACADEMY Chartered by the Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch for the advancement of learning, and the Eglise Gnostique Chretienne, tradition gnostique chretienne alexandrine et johannite, Nantes en France.”

Eglise Gnostique Chretienne (Christian Gnostic Church) was founded in 1964 by Jean Andréas Prévost (1924-1999) who was a priest and regional bishop in a region of France within the Old Catholic (Dutch succession of Utrecht) and within the Catholic Church of the Mariavites. He was consecrated by Helmut-Maria-Paulus Maas (1918-1992) in 1953. He was also a Martinist, 33rd degree Freemason and member of the rite of the Order of Memphis and Mizraïm led by the Grand Master Henry Charles Dupont (1877- 1960). Dupont was also a patriarch of the Gnostic church Église Gnostique Universelle.

Jean Andréas Prévost who was called Tau Synesius III was consecrated by Patrice Genty (1883-1964) who was a leader within Jules Doinel’s (1842-1903) Gnostic Church and with the Hermetic School of Papus, the Martinist Order and the Egyptian Masonic lodge Humanidad. Patrice wrote two books on the Tarot and also on the Celtic tradition and on the Knights Templar.

Johnny Lovewisdom was also the Patriarch, Archbishop of Ecuador of ‘The Old Holy Catholic Church’. The Old Holy Catholic Church was started in 1955 by Charles Brearley (1894-1978) who was called Ignatius Carolus and was based in Sheffield in England. Brearley was consecrated by Mar Georgius (Hugh George de Willmott Newman) in 1960 and had a university called ‘National Ecclesiastical University’ which is said to have its foundation back to Arnold Harris Mathew (1852-1919) where Brearley had his own priestline.

Alexander Markus tells us that his own order called the “Sovereign Imperial Order of Saint Germain” is subordinate to the Northern Pontifical Academy, and this order was founded with the help of Stefano Černetić who calls himself “prince of Montenegro and Macedonia” and another individual connected to the order is a mysterious person called Linjie Chou Zanadu who calls himself “public relation activist and cultural entrepreneur” and where he is a member of a number of culture and peace organizations in which a number of royals are included.

On Wikipedia we can find a John Trollnäs (1908-1970) 33°-94° who was born in Malmö (Sweden) and moved to Denmark at the age of 17 and then to Germany to study where he was at the young age of 21 initiated into the Masonic lodge “Karl Friedrich zum Goldenen Tau”.

“In Hamburg Trollnäs was initiated in 1929 into the Lodge “Karl Friedrich zum Goldenen Tau” under the jurisdiction of the Hamburg Grand Lodge, which worked according to the Schröder Ritual. During the following year Trollnäs was passed on as a companion and exalted Master. Because of his broad learning and great commitment he quickly rose through the steps of Masonic initiation and was soon installed as Worshipful Master of his Lodge and associated with the Scottish Rite and the Memphis Rite.” (Traditional Grand Lodge of Italy, homepage)

Trollnäs later returned to Sweden and Denmark and contacted various freemasons who were outside the Swedish Rite and in 1951 started the ‘Svenska Frimurare Lägret’ (Swedish Masonic Camp) in Lund. The camp was not a regular lodge.

“In Lund, Freemasons gathered in 1951 and founded the first lodge, Lodge No. 1 De Trenne Pyramiderna, Or∴ Lund. In 1956, Lodge No. 2 Acacian, Or∴ Halmstad and Lodge of Instruction No. 0 Lion to the Three Torches of Installed Masters were founded. In and with that the Lodge Association of Swedish Freemasons Camp was founded. In 1957, Lodge No. 3 Brödrakedjan, Or∴ Gothenburg was founded and in 1958 Lodge No. 4 Veritas, Or∴ Helsingborg.” (Wikipedia)

During the 60s, the ‘Swedish Masonic Camp’ had approximately 350 members, which became smaller and smaller over the years, and the operation had to close in 2006 with new attempts between 2009 and 2011. In 2011, a contact was made with the Italian ‘Traditional Grand Lodge of Italy’, but was once again dormant. In 2006, the ‘Humanitära Sällskapet Den Räta Vinkeln’ was created whose purpose was to support the Swedish Masonic Camp and in 2008 the ‘Samfundet Humanitas’ started in Gothenburg and in Stockholm in 2010 where freemasons held open lectures and discussions for the public. After Trollnäs death, we can find Br. Carl Ek as the Grand Master of the Swedish Masonic Camp, Br. Davide Delbono to Grand Representative, Jörgen Jörgensen to Provincial Grand Master of Scania Freemasonry Province, Roberto Bååth to District Master of Västgötska Freemasonry Province and Br. Alexander de Sola Torgersen to District Secretary of the Norwegian Masonic Province.

At ‘Samfundet Humanitas’ in Gothenburg, we can find lectures on philosophy, mysticism, history, art and ethics, and Carl Ek gave several lectures about topics like ‘Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s life and works’, ‘Prieuré de Sion behind the myths’, ‘The Templar Order – origins, rise, fall and its modern heirs’, ‘Pehr Dubb – the man with an iron fist and heart’, ‘Maximilien Robespierre and the cult of the Supreme Being’ and on ‘Platonism and Neoplatonism’.

Carl Ek (Father Ignatius Ek) is also a representative in Sweden of the Catholic Apostolic Church (“the Irvingians”) and distributes its literature and is secretary of the Catholic Apostolic Historical Society in Gothenburg founded in 2018 and a member of the Friends of the Mansfield Place Church Edinburgh, Scotland). Carl T Ek was also union secretary in the Nysvenska rörelsen (New Sweden movement) in 1998 (source, expo). The New Sweden movement was called the Swedish Opposition before the Second World War and was founded in 1930 by Per Engdahl (1909-1994) who was an old swedish nazi that praised Hitler.

Bertil Persson (1941-) writes in the Apostolic Successions of the Apostolic Episcopal Church that he was a pastor in the Swedish Church in 1962 and later in 1965-71 pastor in Unitas Fratrum (The Moravian Church) and in 1969 also a pastor to Catholic Apostolic Church (“The Irvingites”). He was also pastor of a large number of other churches and Universal Primate of the Order of Corporate Reunion between 1998 and 2005 and Pontifex of Priory of Germany, Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani (OSMTH) which was formed under Philippe Ledru (1754-1832) and Bernard- Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (1773-1838) in 1804. Bertil was also a Director of Saint Ephraim Institute located in Solna, Sweden, where he published the book ‘Sect Fighters’. He was on the Swedish Interreligious Peace Council and is a member of the Swedish part of the Universal Peace Federation (which was founded by Rev. Sun Myung Moon).

Bertil was also a pastor in The Apostolic Episcopal Church which was founded by Arthur W. Brooks (1889-1948) in 1925 and where he became a leader between the years 1986-98 and where we have a Swedish department where we can find the Deacon Lars-Onni Wik and Rev. Benny Freilow who is also Rector Provincial for Scandinavia of the Order of Corporate Reunion. Members of the Order Of Corporate Union have been Herbert James Monzani-Heard (1866-1947), William Bernard Crow (1895-1976), Hugh George de Willmott Newman (1905-1979).

“Since the 1970s, the AEC had a particular mission to provide spiritual care for the remaining adherents to the Catholic Apostolic Church (“Irvingites”) in Sweden. It should be remembered that the Catholicate of the West was, in part, an attempt to continue the mission of that church, whose public ministry came to an end with the death of its last clergy in major orders in 1971.” (san-luigi.org)

Arthur W. Brooks who founded The Apostolic Episcopal Church also founded the Anglican Universal Church of Christ in the U.S.A. in 1924 together with George Winslow Plummer (1876-1944) who was a Freemason and Imperator and Supreme Magus of the Societas Rosicruciana in America (S.R.I.A.) between the years 1909 and 1944. He also started the church ‘The First Rosicrucian Church of America’ and became consecrated in the Holy Orthodox Church in America.

There is also apostolic succession to Bertil Persson from French Gnostic churches through the ‘Syrian Patriarchate of Antioch And All The East’ from Joseph René Vilatte (1854-1929), Jean Baptiste Bricaud (1881-1934), Victor Alfred Blanchard (1877-1953) and Robert Amadou (1924-2006).

“On 17 September 1988 in Paris, Mar Alexander exchanged consecrations with Robert Amadou (1924-2006), a priest of the Syrian Orthodox Church and bishop of the Eglise Gnostique Universelle. This was the only episcopal consecration ever performed by Bishop Amadou, who was a professor at the Sorbonne and an expert in esotericism and parapsychology. As a consequence, Bishop Amadou’s Eglise Syrienne was established as a communion of the AEC; he was also appointed as Missionary Bishop of France for IFI/PICC.” (san-luigi.org)

Robert Amadou was a member of several orders such as the Martinist Order, the Memphis-Misraïm Rite, the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Croix, the Gnostic Church Universal and Freemasonry. He was also in the Thebes Group where we can find names such as Massimo Introvigne, Christian Bouchet, Gérard Kloppel, Jean-Pierre Giudicelli de Cressac Bachelerie.

John Kersey is the current Primate and Presiding Bishop of The Apostolic Episcopal Church where he was elected in 2015 by Archbishop Francis C. Spataro to lead the church after him and he also took over in Great Britain from Archbishop George Boyer. He also leads the San Luigi Orders as the 8th Prince-Abbot and 3rd Archbishop of San Luigi (2011-) and started his own church in 2010 called Ecclesia Apostolica Divinorum Mysteriarum (EADM; Apostolic Church of the Divine Mysteries) with teachings in esotericism, Gnosticism and Rosicrucianism.

Kersey is also vice-president of the ‘Traditional Britain Group’ which was founded in 2001 by Gregory Lauder-Frost and which had Merlin Hanbury-Tracy, 7th Baron Sudeley (1939-2022) as another vice-president. Both Gregory and Baron Sudeley were formerly members of the Conservative Monday Club and the Western Goals Institute (WGI). The Traditional Britain Group is seen as a successor to the Western Goals Institute which in turn was an offshoot of the Western Goals Foundation which was based in the USA with Major General John K. Singlaub, John H. Rees and Congressman Larry McDonald as founders in 1979. They were all also co-directors of the World Anti-Communist League and were members of the John Birch Society. The Western Goals Institute was also affiliated with the World Anti-Communist League.

At the Conservative Monday Club we find MI6 agent Julian Amery (1919-1996) who was president of the international private intelligence group “Le Cercle” between 1985 and 1993 and he was also associated with the ‘Congress for Cultural Freedom’ which fought communist and Soviet propaganda. At the Monday Club we also find Patrick Wall (1916-1998) with his connection to the UFO movement and where he sat on The British UFO Research Association (BUFORA) and he was also on the British Anti-Communist Council (chapter of the World Anti-Communist League) and the Western Goals Institute.

The International Monarchist League was founded by The Rev. John Edward Bazille-Corbin (1887–1964) who was involved in the Catholicate of the West within the Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingite Church) and became Bishop of Selsey and censecreted by Mar Georgius aka Hugh George de Willmott Newman (1905-1979) in 1948. He was also in the Order of the Crown of Thorns and the Order of Corporate Reunion. Mar Georgius censecreted him in 1958 also as Archbishop ad personam in the United Orthodox Catholicate (SanLuigi.org). Other members were Vincent Powell-Smith (1939-1997) who was also in the Order of the Crown of Thorns and a Knights Templar in the OSMTJ. James Bartholomew Banks (1894-1975) was in the IML and also the Order of the Crown of Thorns.

Archbishop Sir Forest Ernest Barber (1922-1992) was with The International Monarchist League and the Royal Stuart Society, Order of the Crown of Thorns and was a bishop in the Apostolic Episcopal Church. He founded The Augustan Society, was a knight of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George and the Order of St Lazarus, the Shickshinny Order, the Order of St John and when he visited London in 1982 he received a knighthood in the Mystical Order of St Peter (which was founded by George King who led the Aetherius Society). He was in the Ordo Templi Orientis and several other esoteric societies.

“The Cosmic Transmissions contained in many of these publications were delivered by Cosmic Masters from other Planets, through His Eminence, Doctor George King while he was in self-induced, positive Yogic trance.” (The Aetherius Society, July 1982 Catalog, California)

House of Lords member Victor Frederick Cochrane Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol (1915-1985) was involved in the International Monarchist League and the Conservative Monday Club. Lord Nicholas Hervey (1961-1998) attended, and also attended meetings of the Western Goals Institute. Sir John Alec Biggs-Davison (1918-1988) was a member and also in the Conservative Monday Club. Gregory Lauder-Frost and Merlin Hanbury-Tracy, 7th Baron Sudeley (1939-2022) were also members.

Traditional Britain Group has a connection to Sweden through Arktos Media where we find Gregory Lauder-Frost on the British part and Daniel Friberg on the Swedish part. Friberg runs Motpol where he conducts “opinion work and cultural monitoring from a conservative and identitarian perspective” (wiki). Arktos Media has had connections with several people such as Richard B. Spencer, Alexander Dugin and Alain de Benoist. They publish Traditionalist and esoteric texts from, among others, Julius Evola (1898-1974).

The Swedish branch of the World Anti-Communist League was started in 1967 and involved the Estonian National Council and the Baltic Committee, which applied for membership in 1985.

“During the 1970s, the activities revolved around the far-right organization Democratic Alliance, which aimed to create support for the US’s war in Vietnam. The DA’s chairman Anders Larsson was for a time one of the central figures in the European coordination of the WACL. Also Carl G Holm, later publisher of the far-right magazine Contra, participated in the activities in the 1970s. Some of the other Swedish member organizations in the federation have included the Nazi Swedish National Federation, which became a member of the federation in 1979, the Nordic War and UN Veterans’ Association (which brought together former war veterans from, among others, the Waffen-SS, the Finnish Winter War, UN soldiers and mercenaries) and the Committee for a Free Asia (KFA) which was formed in 1965 to support the regimes in South Vietnam, South Korea and Thailand.” (wiki)

Chairmen of WACL in Sweden have been Birger Nerman (1967-1970), Arvo Horm (1970-1984), Birger Hagård (1984-1988) and the Finnish volunteer Åke J. Ek (1988-2011).

Birger Hagård was also active within Moderaterna (Swedish rightwing party), the Democratic Alliance and the Baltic Committee and wrote in the anti-communist newspaper Operation Sweden. Hagård was also involved in the Dutch Interdoc (International Documentation and Information Centre) which was another anti-communist think tank that had ‘Cees’ Van den Heuvel as its director. Carl-Magnus Armfelt (1918-2005) is said to have been the one who introduced Hagård to Interdoc and who also helped form the Swedish “Stay Behind” network at the beginning of the 50’s. Armfelt was in contact with Benoît de Bonvoisin who was nicknamed the “Black Baron” with his links to the Belgian Operation Gladio and various terrorist gangs and the Italian mafia lodge P2, which was controlled by Licio gelli. According to leaked police reports, Bonvoisin is said to have been part of various abuses of children who developed Multiple Personality Disorders. (isgp studies)

Van den Heuvel visited America in 1959 to the ‘Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology’ with its “psychological warfare and deprogramming” program to counter communist propaganda and where he set up the Dutch branch called the ‘Stichting voor Onderzoek van Ecologische Vraagstukken’. The Human Ecology Fund is also known for its connection to the Mk-Ultra program where they researched mind control and brainwashing. Van den Heuvel wrote the paper ‘An Outline of an International Institute to Combat Communist Psychological Warfare’.

Other Swedes who were connected to Interdoc were Bertil Häggman (1940-), Åke Sparring (1927-1991), Gunnar Dahlander (1916-1992) (psychological warfare lecturer), Jan Rydström (1914-1990) and Arvo Horm (1970-1984). From England Brian Crozier was a founder of Interdoc and from Italy Professor Luigi Gedda who set up the anti-communist Comitati Civici. Brian Crozier, who was also in “Le Cercle”, set up the Institute for the Study of Conflict (ISC) think tank in 1970, where anti-communist propaganda was spread through various journalists and newspapers. The ISC closed in 1990 and instead merged with Paul Wilkinson’s ‘Research Foundation for the Study of Terrorism’ to form the ‘Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism’ (RISCT). Paul Wilkinson, who was behind the Research Foundation for the Study of Terrorism, founded the Center for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence in 1994. Here we can find Carl Bildt and a former director is the Swedish expert on terrorism Magnus Ranstorp.

Carl Bildt (1949-) was Sweden’s Prime Minister between 1991-1994 and Foreign Minister between 2006-2014. Bildt’s family belongs to an old noble family where we find several members of the family who are members of the Johanniterorden in Sweden. Carl’s father Daniel Bildt (1920-2010) was a Knight of the Johanniter Order and the Order of the Sword, Carl Robert Bildt (1911-1996) and Didrik Carl Bildt (1879-1933) were in the Johanniter Order. The diplomat Harald Knut Clarence Bildt (1876-1947) was a second vice-president and also a knight of the Prussian Order of Johanniter.

Åke Sparring (1927-1991) worked at the Foreign Policy Institute (Utrikespolitiska Institutet) between 1962 until his death in 1991, where he was a researcher and also director between 1970-1985. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Military Sciences (Krigsvetenskapsakademien) as a member in 1981, and he wrote about communism in several books such as ‘The Crisis of World Communism – The Issues of World Politics’ (1964) and ‘Communism in the Nordics and the Crisis of the World Communist Movement’ (1965). He was also connected to Swedish Public Service and journalism.

Bertil Häggman (1940-) was chairman of the Committee for a Free Asia (KFA) and was a contributor to the anti-communist magazine ‘Argument för Frihet och Rätt’ and the magazine Contra. He founded the think tank Konservativt idéforum together with Claes Ryn (1943-). He is involved in ‘Business Intelligence’ (strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the data analysis of business information) and lists Steven Dedijer as an influence.

Steven Dedijer (1911-2004) and his family were involved in the NKVD and his brother Vladimir Dedijer fought with Yugoslav partisans and was later Tito’s biographer. Steven’s father belonged to the inner core of the “Black Hand” that was behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand II. Steven later founded the Swedish Intelligence Network BISNES together with Hans Hedin and the company Docere Intelligence. (wikipedia)

Bertil has published a large number of books and writings and runs his own Center for Research on Geopolitics. He has published publications such as Terrorism. Modern Warfare (1978), Moscow and the Terrorist International (1984), Disinformation (Contra 1990), How Communist Parties Work (1979), Sweden’s Maoist ‘Subversives’: A Case Study (1975) which was published at Brian Crozier’s Institute for the Study of Conflict’, etc.

Jan Rydström (1914-1990) was in his youth a Nazi corepolitician in Lund and during the war he was in the intelligence service “Section B” at the defense staff together with Erik Dahmén (1916-2005). In 1949, he became involved in the T-office, which was a secret intelligence organization within the Swedish defense and which was active between the years 1946 and 1965. The T-office was in collaboration with the West German Gehlen organization through Helmuth “Teddy” Ternberg (1893-1971). (wikipedia)

Thede Palm (1907-1995) who was the head of the T-office was a Swedish religious historian, head of research and head of the military intelligence service and a leader within the Swedish Stay-behind organization. During the Second World War, he was head of department at the State Information Board (Statens Informationsstyrelse), which was nicknamed the “Ministry of Censorship and Propaganda”. Palm married in 1933 Elisabeth Wrangel (1905-2001), daughter of Professor Ewert Wrangel (1863-1940) and Baroness Ingrid Hermelin (1869-1944). In the Hermelin family we find Carl-Magnus David Hermelin (1900-1971) as a member of the Johanneniterorden.

Jan Rydström later became an agency director at the Eastern Economic Agency (ÖEB), which was involved in intelligence activities within the Swedish business community. He was also a personal friend of Gustaf Petrén (1917-1990), who started the ‘Civil Rights Movement in Sweden’ in 1974 and who was involved in Religious Forum and Björn Sahlins’ anthology “Religious Freedom – For Who? New Religions Meet Society” (1979).

“Government councilor Gustaf Petrén writes about “Human rights” and lawyer Lennart Hane about “Protection against religious persecution in Sweden”. The author Richard Matz’s essay is entitled “Religion as cultural reformer”. (Sökaren 1979, no. 7, New religions meet society)

Gunnar Dahlander (1916-1992) was a Swedish trade unionist, press ombudsman and member of
The Radio Board between 1953–1967.

State Information Board (Statens Informationsstyrelse SIS) was a Swedish government that operated between the years 1940-1945 and was led by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and that had a collaboration with the Defense Staff and it operated through a board that was connected to Radioservice, TT and the Statens biografbyrå. SIS was a forerunner of the Preparedness Board for Psychological Defense (Beredskapsnämnden för psykologiskt försvar BN) which was founded in 1953 with its connection to the National Information Center (UC) (psychological defence’s war organisation). The first head of BN was Gunnar Heckscher (1909-1987) and Gunnar Dahlander became chancellor and the one who would take care of UC in the event of war. Heckscher was head of BN between 1954-1959 and Dahlander took over as head between 1960-1965. Over the years, the psychological defense went through a number of name changes to the Board for Psychological Defense (SPF) and nowadays to the Agency for Community Protection and Preparedness.

Gunnar Heckscher’s son was Ivar Heckscher (1943-) and he was a pioneer in the Waldorf movement which developed from the occult teachings of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) and he was a teacher in the Järna Waldorf School, which was called the Solvik School, between 1972-1988 and whose founder was Pär Ahlbom (1932-). Eli Heckscher (1879-1952), who was Gunnar’s father, was a well-known Swedish national economist and economic historian who in 1919 joined Sweden’s National Youth Association (Sveriges Nationella Förbund), which was founded in 1915.

Sveriges Nationella Förbund (SNF) was a right-wing political association that developed in a pro-Nazi direction and published the pro-Nazi newspaper Dagsposten, which continued during the 1970s under the name Fria Ord. SNF had connections to organizations such as the Swedish-Chilean Society and the Christian Democratic party (Kristen Demokratisk Samling) through the Order of St. Michael and joined the World Anti-Communist League in the late 70s.

Åke J. Ek was involved in the Finnish winter war against the Soviet Union during the Second World War, and when he returned home after the war, he joined the Swedish intelligence service, which was called the T-office. This office functioned as an organization fighting, in the form of a resistance movement, against communism and Soviet influence. It was a gathering of military, police, various politicians and old Nazi organizations. The Sveaborg organization is said to have been transformed into a secret Nazi army. In addition to being one of the chairmen of the World Anti-Communist League, he also trained in the police and became a teacher of psychology at the police academy in Stockholm. Even within the police there was this network of Nazis that Åke J Ek was a part of, especially within the Stockholm police. This network of police officers later came under suspicion in the investigation of the murdered Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme (1927-1986).

“Building up a party militia costs money and freedom of movement. Recruiting people within the state framework requires neither, just a solid plan. In the military, the police and the security services, we must infiltrate certain factions and neutralize the rest” (Edward Luttwak and WACL Chairman John K Singlaub)

‘Nysvenska rörelsen’ (New Swedish movement, where Carl T Ek was union secretary) also had members in WACL such as Åke Lindsten (1921-1994) who was also in Sveriges Nationella Förbund (Sweden’s National Federation) and who was a Swedish volunteer in the Waffen-SS (source, Tobias Hübinette). Sweden’s National Federation (SNF) also had more members in WACL such as Ulf Reiner Wilhelm Hamacher (1920-1993). Hamacher was also a member of the Catholic S:t Michaelsorden (Order of St. Michael), which was founded in 1959 in Stockholm, where several members tried to infiltrate the Kristen demokratisk samling (Christian Democratic Assembly) which was later renamed to Christian Democrates.

Demokratisk Allians (Democratic Alliance) which was a driving force in the WACL was disbanded in 1976, but some members who were excluded already started the Stiftelsen Contra (Progressive Information Foundation) in 1974, which published the newspaper Contra, which was anti-socialist and with ideas from, among others, Milton Friedman (1912-2006) and Friedrich von Hayek (1899-1992). Contra was founded by C G Holm, Géza Molnár and Christer Arkefors and between the years 1993 to 2008 Tommy Hansson was responsible publisher of their magazine. Tommy was a member of the Democratic Alliance and was also in the Sweden Democrats (Sweden’s anti-immigration party) and has been editor-in-chief of the party newspaper SD-Kuriren (Swedish Demokrats). Tommy joined the Moon movement (Sun Myung Moon) in 1974 and was also active within the church internationally and was a Swedish correspondent for The New York City Tribune, which is said to have been founded by Sun Myung Moon. He is also active in the Scandinavian Swedenborg Society, Sweden’s Interreligious Peace Council and the Liberal Catholic Church.